![]() The discrete topography of the grid-map, and the apparent autonomy of the modules, differ from the graded topography of maps for continuous variables in several sensory systems, raising the possibility that the modularity of the grid map is a product of local self-organizing network dynamics. These modules can respond independently to changes in the geometry of the environment. UTM, UTMRF/MGRS, CH1903, Gauss-Krueger, GK, NAC, W3W and WGS as decimal, decimal minutes or in degrees, minutes and seconds. Online converter to all coordinate systems UTM, WGS. Here we show with recordings from up to 186 grid cells in individual rats that grid cells cluster into a small number of layer-spanning anatomically overlapping modules with distinct scale, orientation, asymmetry and theta-frequency modulation. The grid square determines the location in the zone and consists of the eastern value (A-Z without O and I) and the northern value. Limited anatomical sampling has obscured whether the grid system operates as a unified system or a conglomerate of independent modules. The metric of this representation is provided by grid cells, cells with spatial firing fields that tile environments in a periodic hexagonal pattern. ![]() The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is part of the brain's circuit for dynamic representation of self-location. ![]()
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